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PURPOSE: Details of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in mainland China are lacking. To improve disease control and reduce economic burden, a large sample survey among this patient population is indispensable. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of such patients.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals of 29 regions in mainland China during the period 2013 to 2014. Demographic features, pre-admission conditions, exacerbation details, and outcomes were summarized. Risk factors for exacerbation severity were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 3,240 asthmatic patients included in this study (57.7% females, 42.3% males). Only 28.0% used daily controller medications; 1,287 (39.7%) patients were not currently on inhaled corticosteroids. Acute upper airway infection was the most common trigger of exacerbation (42.3%). Patients with severe to life-threatening exacerbation tended to have a longer disease course, a smoking history, and had comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and food allergy. The multivariate analysis showed that smoking history, comorbidities of hypertension, COPD, and food allergy were independent risk factors for more severe exacerbation. The number of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation varied with seasons, peaking in March and September. Eight patients died during the study period (mortality 0.25%).CONCLUSIONS: Despite enhanced education on asthma self-management in China during recent years, few patients were using daily controller medications before the onset of their exacerbation, indicating that more educational efforts and considerations are needed. The findings of this study may improve our understanding of hospital admission for asthma exacerbation in mainland China and provide evidence for decision-making.
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Female , Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Asthma , China , Comorbidity , Disease Progression , Education , Food Hypersensitivity , Hospitalization , Hypertension , Inpatients , Medication Adherence , Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seasons , Self Care , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical features of frequent acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in the elderly.Methods:A total of 93 elderly patients with stable COPD who were followed up in Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from August 2015 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the frequent acute exacerbation group(n=45)and the non-frequent acute exacerbation group(n=48). Data on the body mass index(BMI), lung function, the smoking index(package year), the respiratory status questionnaire and serum creatinine levels were collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for the frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD in elderly patients.Results:The BMI was lower [19.59(18.08-23.50)kg/m 2vs. 23.36(21.14-25.46)kg/m 2, Z=8.898, P=0.003], while scores of the modified Medical Research Council(mMRC)dyspnea scale, COPD Assessment Test(CAT)and smoking index were higher [3.00(1.00-3.00) vs. 1.00(0.00-1.00), 15.00(8.50-17.50) vs.10.00(6.00-13.75), 60.00(30.00-80.00)package years vs.37.50(3.75-60.00)package years, Z=17.671, 7.318 and 6.589, P<0.001, 0.007 and 0.010]in the frequent acute exacerbation group than in the non-frequent acute exacerbation group.The glomerular filtration rate(GFR)and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second were lower in the frequent acute exacerbation group than in the non-frequent acute exacerbation group [105.13(89.84-114.69)ml·min -1·1.73m -2vs.121.74(93.89-142.02)ml·min -1·1.73m -2, 40.10(31.40-56.00)% vs.70.65(47.36-85.36)%, Z=6.071 and 17.814, P=0.014 and<0.001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios( OR)with 95% confidence interval(95% CI)of the smoking index and GFR were 1.025(1.006-1.044)and 0.957(0.927-0.995)( P=0.009 and 0.025), respectively, indicating that with the increase of smoking index and the decrease of GFR, the risk of frequent exacerbations of COPD was increased. Conclusions:There are phenotypic differences between elderly COPD patients with frequent acute exacerbations and without frequent acute exacerbations.Elderly COPD patients with frequent acute exacerbations have a lower BMI index, a higher smoking index, more clinical symptoms, worse pulmonary function, and are prone to early kidney injury.
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The nursing management information system for pediatric outpatient transfusion was constructed based on the refined management concept. It is designed to correct the current heavy workload, crowded conditions and low satisfaction. By comparing the indicators before and after the application and those of management concern, the system proves that it can effectively improve the quality of transfusion nursing in pediatric outpatient department, reduce the occurrence of nursing defects, and improve the satisfaction of nurses, patients and parents, hence worthy of promotion.
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Objective To understand the seasonal distribution of patient hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation in 7 geographic areas in China.Methods This was a retrospective study which involved patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals throughout 7 geographic areas in the mainland of China (northeast,north,central,east,south,northwest and southwest).The numbers of asthmatic patients and total inpatients of the respiratory department of each hospital were recorded.The monthly ratio of asthmatic patients to the total inpatients in every area was calculated and compared.Results During the study period,6 480 patients were admitted for asthma exacerbation,accounting for 3.14％ of all the 206 135 patients admitted to the respiratory departments in the 29 hospitals.The ratio of asthmatic patients to total inpatients in the northeast area (5.61％) was highest,and the ratio in east area was lowest (1.97％).Statistical analysis showed that the difference among different areas was significant (P＜0.000 1).In most areas,both the number and proportion of hospitalized asthmatic patients peaked in spring (February-April) and autumn (September-October).In the northeast area,east area and south area,the peaks in spring were more obvious,while in the north area and southwest area,the peaks in autumn were more obvious.In the northwest area the peaks occurred in winter (December-January) and summer (June-August),respectively.The differences in hospitalization due to asthma among different months were significant in the northeast,north,and southwest areas (P＜0.005).Conclusion The number of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation fluctuated with season in different areas in China.In most areas,more asthmatic patients were admitted to hospitals in spring and autumn.
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Objective To understand the seasonal distribution of patient hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation in 7 geographic areas in China.Methods This was a retrospective study which involved patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals throughout 7 geographic areas in the mainland of China (northeast,north,central,east,south,northwest and southwest).The numbers of asthmatic patients and total inpatients of the respiratory department of each hospital were recorded.The monthly ratio of asthmatic patients to the total inpatients in every area was calculated and compared.Results During the study period,6 480 patients were admitted for asthma exacerbation,accounting for 3.14％ of all the 206 135 patients admitted to the respiratory departments in the 29 hospitals.The ratio of asthmatic patients to total inpatients in the northeast area (5.61％) was highest,and the ratio in east area was lowest (1.97％).Statistical analysis showed that the difference among different areas was significant (P＜0.000 1).In most areas,both the number and proportion of hospitalized asthmatic patients peaked in spring (February-April) and autumn (September-October).In the northeast area,east area and south area,the peaks in spring were more obvious,while in the north area and southwest area,the peaks in autumn were more obvious.In the northwest area the peaks occurred in winter (December-January) and summer (June-August),respectively.The differences in hospitalization due to asthma among different months were significant in the northeast,north,and southwest areas (P＜0.005).Conclusion The number of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation fluctuated with season in different areas in China.In most areas,more asthmatic patients were admitted to hospitals in spring and autumn.
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Objective To investigate the effect of self decoction wet compress on puncture venous sclerosis.Methods 180 patients received intravenous therapy,they were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,60 cases in each group.Group A was given with Traditional Chinese medicine decoction(rhubarb 20g,Xuan Ming powder 20g,Cortex Phellodendri 15g,20g purslane fried together) for in the direction of blood vessel along the direction of the blood vessel after operation of conventional intravenous infusion,8 layer 10cm×5cm sterile gauze soaked wet,then covered with plastic wrap plastic to the end of infusion 30 min after removal.Group B was given with Traditional Chinese medicine decoction at the end of intravenous infusion at the puncture point along the direction of the blood vessels,8 layer 10cm×5cm sterile gauze soaked wet and then with plastic wrap plastic cover 6h after removing.Group C was given with routine intravenous infusion operation without wet compress intervention.In 3d,5d,vein elasticity of each group was assessed,the normal was effective,mild,moderate and severe hardening was invalid.Results After 3d,5d treatment,the effective rates of group A were 100.0%,91.7% respectively,which in group B were 100.0%,81.7%,respectively,the effective rate at 5d had statistically significant difference between group A and group B (x2=5.17,P<0.05);after 3d,5d treatment,the effective rates of group C were 71.7%,60.0%,and the effective rate at 5 d had statistically significant difference compared with group B and group A (x2=21.07,6.82,all P<0.01).Conclusion The effect of intravenous infusion process to local decoction wet compress on the prevention of venous puncture hardening is significant,and the method is simple,has non-toxic side effects,it is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To analyze the sperm DNA fragmentation in different degrees of varicocele (VC) infertility patients after high ligation of the spermatic vein. Methods There were 57 patients with different degrees of VC infertility patients. 27 patients had been diagnosed with level two VC, and 30 patients had been diagnosed with level three VC. All patients' sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were detected and calculated at preoperative one month and postoperative three months. Results 57 VC infertility patients were all suffered from laparoscopic high ligation of the spermatic vein on both sides. There was no statistically difference on preoperative sperm DFI between level two and level three patients (P > 0.05). All patients' sperm DFI were decreased after laparoscopic (P < 0.05), and level two VC infertility patients had significant greater progress than level three patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic high ligation of the spermatic vein can effectively improve VC infertility patients sperm DFI. It would be better for level two VC infertility patients.
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Objective The aim of this study was to compare recent clinical efficacy between a novel guidance method for percutaneous pedicle screw placement and the conventional fluoroscopic method for long segments thoracolumbar vertebral fracture without nerve injury. Methods A total of 38 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture in our hospital from September 2010 to December 2012 were divided into group A and group B.Eighteen patients in group A underwent 200 percutaneous pedicle screw fixation by conventional fluoroscopic meth-od.Twenty patients in group B underwent 210 percutaneous pedicle screw fixation by a novel guidance method.All the operation for 38 cases were performed by the same surgeon.The time of insertion,radiation exposure,and accuracy of the screw placement between the two groups were compared.The accuracy of screws was evaluated and graded by two consecutive postoperative CT of operation segment for two groups. Results The mean time for a single pedicle screw placement was (13.11 ±2.32)minutes in group A and (10.35 ±1.92)minutes in group B,respectively.The average radiation exposure was (8.11 ±1.15)s in group B and (13.07 ±2.06)s in group A respectively.The differ-ences were statistically significant for both screw placement and radiation exposure times (P 0.05).Conclusion The novel guidance system can significantly reduce the insertion time and radiation expo-sure for long segments percutaneous pedicle screw placement,which provides the same accuracy for screw placement compared with the con-ventional method.
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Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of sertraline tablets with oral administration in the diabetes patients com-plicated with depression. Methods:Totally 74 diabetes patients complicated with depression were randomly divided into 2 groups with 37 ones in each. All the patients were orally given dimethyldiguanide 500 mg,tid,and the observation group was given sertraline tablets additionally,50-100 mg,qd. The treatment course was 8 weeks. The changes of sugar metabolism and the scores of self-rating depres-sion scale( SDS)and quality of life scale( DMQLS)in the two groups were compared. Results:After the 8-week treatment,the blood sugar,SDS scores and DMQLS scores in the two groups were significantly improved when compared with those before the treatment( P0. 05). Conclusion:Sertraline tablets can improve the depression of diabetes patients and enhance the blood sugar control and quality of life.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten (PTEN) acts as a convergent nodal signalling point for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, growth and survival. However, the role of PTEN in cardiac conditions such as right ventricular hypertrophy caused by chronic hypoxic pulmonary, hypertension remains unclear. This study preliminarily discussed the role of PTEN in the cardiac response to increased pulmonary vascular resistance using the hypoxia-induced PH rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 1, 3, 7, 14 or 21 days to induce hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Right ventricular systolic pressure was measured via catheterization. Hypertrophy index was calculated as the ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricle plus septum mass. Tissue morphology and fibrosis were measured using hematoxylin, eosin and picrosirius red staining. The expression and phosphorylation levels of PTEN in ventricles were determined by real time PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hypoxic exposure of rats resulted in pathological hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and remodelling of the right ventricle. The phosphorylation of PTEN increased significantly in the hypertrophic right ventricle compared to the normoxic control group. There were no changes in protein expression in either ventricle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension developed pathological right ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling probably related to an increased phosphorylation of PTEN.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Metabolism , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular , Metabolism , Hypoxia , Metabolism , PTEN Phosphohydrolase , Metabolism , Phosphorylation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
The clinical characteristics of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) were summarized to improve the understanding of disease and reduce its misdiagnostic rate.Report clinical data,treatment and follow-up of one confirmed case and review the domestic reports of CSS before 2013.Among 94 reported cases,most had initial respiratory symptoms and increased eosinophil was found in peripheral blood of 95.74％ patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of the activity of Ca2+/CaN-NFATc on the activation and prolfferation of lymphocyte in asthmatic rats.Methods The rats of the asthma group and the CsA group were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin.So did the control group with saline instead.Lymphocyte was separated from spleen and cultured for 24 hours,and PHA-p (5 μg/ml) was added to the culture medium in every group,CsA ( 1.0 μg/ml) was added to the CsA group,respectively.The concentration of [ Ca2+ ] i,the activity of CaN,the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and Cyclin E in T lymphocyte were assayed.The level of IL-4 and IL-2 in culture supernatants was measured,and the cell cycle distribution of lymphocyte was analyzed.ResultsWhen compared to the control group,the activity of Ca2+/CaN-NFATc [ (81.21 4-14.39) vs (63.66 ±9.02) ] was increased and the protein expression of CyclinE [ (0.9327 ±0.0370) vs (0.8374 ±0.0637) ] was higher in Lymphocyte of the asthma group ( P＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively).The percentage of lymphocyte in the S phase [ (7.8600±2.8241) vs (4.0270 ± 1.8650) ] and S + G2/M phase [ ( 10.6700±3.3850) vs (5.8740 ± 1.4389) ] was higher;however,the percentage of G0/G1 phase [ (89.3300 ± 3.3850) vs (94.1260± 1.4389 )] was lower in asthma group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).The level of IL-4 [ ( 1.55 ± 0.19) pg/ml vs (0.99 ± 0.12 ) pg/ml ] and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio [ (0.81 ±0.12) vs (0.49 ±0.49) ] in culture supernatants of the asthma group were higher than those of the control group ( all P ＜0.01 ).While the activity of Ca2+/CaN-NFATc (47.19 ±7.16)was decreased and the protein expression of Cyclin E (0.6840 ± 0.0485 ) was reduced in lymphocyte in CsA group(all P ＜0.01 ),the percentage of lymphocyte in the S phase (4.8600 ± 1.9595) and S + G2/M phase (7.9900 ± 1.9405) was decreased and the percentage of G0/G1 phase (92.2100 ± 1.9267) was increased ( all P ＜ 0.05 ),and the level of IL-4 (0.47 ± 0.09 ) pg/ml and the ratio of IL-4/ IL-2 (0.78 ±0.20) was lower in culture supernatants in the CsA group than that of the asthma group( all P ＜ 0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and the protein expression of CyclinE in Lymphocyte,so did between the protein expression of NFATc and the level of IL-4 in culture supernatants( r =0.711,P ＜0.01 and r =0.749,P ＜0.01.respectively).Conclusions The activity of Ca2+/CaN-NFATc was increased in lymphocyte of the asthmatic rats.Its increasing might result in the imbalance of Th1/Th2 by promoting the expression of IL-4 and might lead to the proliferation of lymphocyte by promoting the Cyclin E expression.
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Objective To investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on inflammatary factors in sputum including cell component,IL-8 and eotaxin,and the effect on responses to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)in patients with asthma.Methods Thirty-eight outpatients with chronic stable asthma who visited from January 2009 to February 2010 were enrolled in the study.Twenty-three cases were nonsmokers and 15 cases were smokers.All of them were treated by daily inhaled budesonide,and[32 agonist when necessary.Induced sputum eosinophil and neutrophil proportion were measured,and the levels of interleukin(IL-8)and eotaxin in induced-sputum by enzymatic immunoassay(ELISA)were compared between non-smoking and smoking asthmatic patients.Results The eosinophil proportion was(2.0 ± 0.4)％ in smokers and(4.6 ± 2.5)％ in nonsmokers before therapy,and(1.1 ± 0.5)％ in smokers and(1.8 ± 0.6)％ in nonsmokers after therapy.The difference was statistical significant(F =15.271,P ＜ 0.05).The eotaxin was(3.5 ± 2.1)× 10-3 mg/L insmokers and(8.6 + 2.3)x 10-3 mg/L in nonsmokers before therapy,and(3.1 + 1.5)x 10-3 mg/L insmokers)and(3.6 ± 1.3)x 10-3 mg/L in nonsmokers after therapy.There was statistical significant(F =24.172,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference on neutrophil proportion and IL-8 before and after treatment(F =1.563 and 1.793,respectively,Ps ＞ 0.05).Neutrophil proportion(F =9.632,P ＜ 0.05)and IL-8(F =5.720,P ＜ 0.05)in smokers were significantly higher than non-smokers,whereas eosinophil proportion (F =15.879,P ＜ 0.05)and eotaxin(F =12.365,P ＜ 0.05)in smokers were significantly lower than nonsmokers.Conclusion There was a significantly increase in inflammatary cells andfactors in induced-sputum in two groups after ICS treatment,but the effect in smokers was lower than in non-smokers.Neutrophil proportion and IL-8 were higher in induced sputum in smokers,whereas eosinophil proportion and eotaxin were higher in non-smokers.
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ObjectiveTo explore the influence of the cigarette smoke in the airway inflammation and pulmonary function of the asthmatic patients. MethodsTwenty-five cases of asthmatic patients with cigarette smoke exposure, 22 cases of asthmatic patients without cigarette smoke exposure and 20 cases of normal control persons were involved in this study. The proportion of various inflammatory cells in the induced sputum, the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-4 and lung function (FEV1％ expected value,FEV1/ＦVC％ ) were detected. ResultsThe infiltrating of neutrophils was primarily found in sputum of the asthmatic patients with cigarette smoke exposure, but the infiltrating of eosinophils was mainly in sputum of the asthmatic patients without cigarette smoke exposure. The levels of serum IL-8 and IL-4 of peripheral blood of asthmatic patients with cigarette smoke exposure[(277.02 ±71.37), (171.69 ±31.01) ng/L] were significantly higher than those in asthmatic patients without cigarette smoke exposure[(158.88 ± 21.95 ),( 111.42 ± 21.69 ) ng/L] and normal control persons [( 116.78 ± 71.37 ), (73.94 ± 15.72 ) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The FEV1％ expected value and FEV1/FVC％ of the asthmatic patients with cigarette smoke exposure [(51.12 ± 13.30) ％, ( 49.16 ± 11.09 )％] was lower than those of asthmatic patients without cigarette smokeexposure [(81.81 ± 5.82)％, (79.00 ± 3.86)％] and normal control persona [(95.50 ± 10.11 )％, (83.18 ±6.04)％] (P ＜ 0.01 ). The level of serum IL-8 was positively correlated to the neutrophils percentage in the induced sputum (r =0.742,P＜ 0.01 ) ,while negatively correlated to the FEV1％ expected value(r =-0.739,P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionCigarette smoke may influence the airway inflammation of the asthmatic patients and accelerate the deterioration of their lung function by promoting the producing of IL-8.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines and transcription factor T-bet/GATA-3 in cultured CD4+ T of rat sensitized by ovalbumin.Methods Two weeks after immunization by ovalbumin,splenic CD4+ T cells of Wistar rat were purified using CD4+T cell enrichment kit.Purified CD4+ T cells of rat were cultured and divided into 4 groups:a control group,1 μg/ml nicotine stimulated group,10 μg/ml nicotine stimulated group,100 μg/ml nicotine stimulated group.These cells,in their groups,were stimulated with or without nicotine and were all challenged simultaneously with OVA.Supernatants and cell pellets were harvested after being stimulated for 24 h.The concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 in supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in CD4+T cells.Results ( 1 ) IFN-γproduction was significantly decreased in all nicotine treated groups [ ( 113.78±6.06) ng/L,(70.31±7.26) ng/L,(20.00±2.14) ng/L] compared with the control group[ (142.30± 5.89) ng/L],and the level of IL-4 was significantly increased in all nicotine treated groups [ (69.49±3.91) ng/L,(93.63±4.56) ng/L,(50.97±3.07) ng/L] compared with the control group[ (36.91±3.24) ng/L].(2) Expression of T-bet mRNA in all nicotine treated groups(0.73±0.03,0.57±0.04,0.31 ±0.00) was lower than that in the control group(0.98±0.09),but expression of GATA-3 mRNA in all nicotine treated groups (4.31±0.26,5.16±0.23,1.56±0.14) was significantly higher than that in the control group(1.00±0.07).Conclusion Nicotine may play a key role in the development of Th2-type allergic inflammation in asthma by promoting over-expression of GATA-3 mRNA and downregulating the expression of T-bet mRNA.
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Objective To evaluate the activity of Ca2+ /CaN-NFATc, and study its association with the imbalance of TH1/ TH2 in asthmatic rat lungs. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were random divided to the asthma group and control group, twelve rats each group. The rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model. The pulmonary function of rats was surveyed and evaluated u-sing Maclab system. Airway inflammation and the thickness of bronchial wall ( WAt/Pi) were observed by H. E staining. The quantity of Ca2+ , the activity of CaN , the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and the level of IL-4 and IL-2 were assayed.Results Compared with control group, the thickness of bronchial wall was significantly increased ( t = -7. 99, P <0. 01), the airway resistance was higher( t = 2.59, P <0.05) and the respiration frequency was faster( t =7.94, P <0.01) ,but the minute ventilation volume was lower( t =6. 87, P <0.01) in asthma group. The levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio in rat lungs of asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group ( t = -8.69, P <0. 01; t = 11.40, P <0. 01 .respectively) , however, the levels of IL-2 in asthma group were lower than that in control group ( t =8. 29, P <0. 01). The activity of CaN and the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc in asthma group were higher than those in control group( t = -2. 91, P <0.01; t = -22.45, P <0.01,respectively) ,but the quantity of Ca2+ in asthma group was lower than that in control group( t =4. 747, P < 0.01). There wag a positive correlation between the activity of CaN and the protein expression of dephos-phorylated NFATc( r =0. 39, P <0.05) ,so did between the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio( r =0. 83-, P <0.01) ,and the same between the thickness of bronchial wall and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio( r = 0. 84, P < 0.01). Conclusions The activity of CaN-NFATc was increased in rat lungs of asthma group, and the rising of which might increase the ratio IL-4/ IL-2. Thus, the signal of CaN-NFATc probably took part in the imbalance of TH1/ TH2 in asthmatic rat lungs.
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Objective To observe the content of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α)in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the expressions of MIP-1α mRNA and nuclear factor-kappa B( NFκB)p65 mRNA in the lung of rats subjected to mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume. Method Thirty-two healthy Wistar rats were randomly ( random number) divided into control group, ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) group,dexamethasone (DEX) group and budesonide (BUD) group. The content of MIP-1α in plasma and BALF were measured with ELJSA and the expressions of MIP-1α mRNA and NF-κBp65 mRNA in lung of rat were detected by RT-PCR. The data distributed were expressed as (-x) ± s and were compared among 4 groups. Furthermore, the correlation between the content of MIP-1α and the expression of MIP-1α mRNA, and the correlation between the expression of MIP-1α mRNA and the expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA were analyzed in the latter three groups. Results With lessened lung injury ,the content of MIP-1αin plasma and BALF and the expressions of MIP-1α mRNA and NF-κBp65 mRNA in lungs of rats of DEX and BUD groups were significantly lower than those in VILI group ( P ＜ 0.001 ). Although the content of MIP-1α in plasma and BALF and the expressions of MIP-1α mRNA and NF-κBp65 mRNA in lungs of rats of BUD group were higher than those of DEX group, but no significant differences were found between them ( P ＞ 0.05). Correlation study showed that positive correlations were xisted between the MIP-1α in plasma and the expression of MIP-1α mRNA in the lungs ( r = 0.895, P ＜ 0.05)and between the expression of MIP-1α mRNA and the expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA in the lungs ( r=0.801, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Glucocorticoid could down-regulate the expression of MIP-1α mRNA by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB in the lungs and may have preventive and therapeutic effect to VILI to some extent. The effect of glucocorticoid used locally against VILI is simnilar to that of systemic administration with lesser adverse reactions.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different tidal volume ventilation on acute lung injury in rats. Methods Thlrty-two normal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,low tidal volume group(L- V_T),conventional tidal volume group(C-V_T)and high tidal volume group(H-V_T).The pathologic changes of the lungs were observed under macrography,light and electron microscope.The blood gas analysis(PaO_2),the counts of neutrophils (PMN),the levels of protein and the myloperoxidase(MPO)activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were measured by biochemical methods respectively.Results There were no distinct pathological differences between L-V_T group and control group under macrography,light and electron microscope.In the C-V_T and H-V_T groups,there were different degree of lung injuries under light and electron microscope,their PMN,MPO activity and protein level in BALF were significantly higher than those of control and L-V_T groups and their PaO_2 were significantly lower than those of control and L- V_T groups(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The MPO activity and the protein level in BALF were also significantly higher than those of C-VT group(P＜0.01)Of the above indexes,there were no statistical differences between L-V_T group and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Conventional tidal volume ventilation alone,without any lung-protective strategy, could produce injuries to the normal lung tissues,while low tidal volume ventilation hadn't effects on them.The injury effects produced by mechanical ventilation was closely related to the recruitment and activation of neutrephils in the lung.
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Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory therapeutic role of erythromycin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by investigating the effect of erythromycin on the level of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in airway epithelium of smoking rats.Methods Wistar rats(n=30)with weighed(150?10) g each,20 were randomly sampled to be exposed to cigarettes smoking for four weeks then 10 of them were exposed wntinuously to cigaretts smoking for eight weeks as smoking,group,other loof them were intragastrically perfused by erythromycih before smoking as evythromycin group,the rest of total 30 rats as control group Then assessed expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance and observed the expression level of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in airway epithelium by using immunohistochemical method.Results(1) The expiratory airway resistance was increased and the lung compliance was degraded significantly in smoking group(5.67?0.32,4.39?0.40)(P
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AIM: To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the level of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and ?-glutaglutamylcysteine synthetase(?-GCS) in smoking rats,and to explore the antioxidate therapeutic role of erythromycin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to cigarettes smoking to establish the model.After passive smoking for 4 weeks,erythromycin intragastric intervention was administered continuously for 8 weeks.The expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance were assessed and the expression levels of TGF-?1 and ?-GCS proteins(and the mRNA) in airway endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages were observed respectively by immunohistochemical,immunocytochemical and(in situ) hybridization.RESULTS: The expiratory airway resistance was increased and the lung compliance was degraded significantly in smoking group and erythromycin group,compared to control group.In erythromycin group,the airway resistance was lower and the lung compliance was higher than that in smoking group(P